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If a quotation or information appears in the middle of your own idea, then insert the documentation immediately after the quotation.ĮX: Arthur’s Miller’s notion of a country “without memory of certain elemental decencies” (qtd.

If you are quoting a direct quotation from a secondary source, you must identify it as such.ĮX: According to Arthur Miller, “It was not only McCarthyism that moved me, it was as though the whole country had been born anew, without a memory even of certain elemental decencies” (qtd.

If there is no author, give the title and the page number.ĮX: A number of critics feel that Hemingway’s journalistic style continued to influence writers through the end of the 20th century (“Hemingway Chronicle” 5).

and second, as a representative narrative that exemplifies the struggle of many African American women against racial and sexual oppression” (10). Simply present the page number in your citation.ĮX: In Understanding Why the Caged Bird Sings, Megna-Wallace notes that Angelou’s autobiography succeeds on two levels: “first, as a personal memoir. If you identify the author and title in the text, you do not need to repeat that information.

There is a relationship between your writing and how you compose your in-text documentation.

One person “acquired a tigerish smear about the mouth” (Dickens, Tale of Two Cities 33-34). If you are using more than one book by the same author, give the last name, comma, the title, and the page.ĮX: Animal imagery conveys the primitive, uncontrolled rage that the peasants feel.Allow one space before the parentheses but none after it if a period follows.ĮX: Arthur Miller’s The Crucible “forces a revolution in our perception and definition of reality” (Martin 73). In most cases you will be citing one or two pages, leading your reader to a specific piece of information. Do not use “page” or abbreviations for page, just write the number. Use the author's last name and give the page number in parentheses.Inaccurate documentation is as serious as having no documentation at all. The academic world takes in-text documentation seriously. Usually parenthetical citations are placed at the end of a sentence, but they may be placed in the middle (see example 6). The purpose of this format is to give immediate source information without interrupting the flow of the paper. Page numbers may also be omitted when citing Web resources, which do not normally include paging. Page numbers may be omitted if the article is a one-page article or one in an encyclopedia arranged alphabetically. Do not use the word “page” or any abbreviations. Usually only the author's last name and the page number OR, in the absence of an author, the title and the page number are given. use a date, fact, or statistic that might be disputed.If you are not certain it is common knowledge, cite to be safe.)

use factual information that is not common knowledge (Common knowledge is information that recurs in many sources.summarize original ideas from one of your sources.use an original idea from one of your sources, whether you quote or paraphrase it.Use in-text documentation to cite a source whenever you: I have not plagiarized any of the material in this project.I have used a balanced and adequate number of relevant resources.My documentation is correctly formatted.I have effectively and responsibly quoted, paraphrased, and summarized.When writing for an academic purpose it is important to understand, use and give credit for a variety of information. This information is offered to help Kamiak students experience success in writing in high school and beyond.